India is up in arms. The populace is out on the streets in large numbers to unite under a 74 year-old satyagrahi who wants a ‘Jan Lokpal’, or an Ombudsman with teeth, as against the government proposed milk and water one. Of the protesting crowds few really know anything about the ‘Lokpal’ or the ‘Jan Lokpal’, under which banner they gave been united. So, it is natural to ask whether all of this is one gigantic farce.
To any thinking person the validity, or indeed, the rationale of a fourth body of government, or a Lokpal (‘Jan’ or otherwise) who would necessarily come from our own corrupt society is a matter of the gravest doubt. And even if the ‘Jan Lokpal’ were to materialize, history stands witness to the corrupting proclivities of ‘power’, and it is not unrealistic to say that it would not be long before there is a demand for a fifth body of government!
However, that having been said, it cannot be denied that the angst and the frustration of the people out on the streets and those expressing their support to the movement in various ways, is very real. And if one cares to listen carefully, one realizes that only a select few are actually talking about the Lokpal. The populace of the country en masse is voicing their support ‘against corruption by politicians’.
Why only politicians?
A thinking person, at this juncture, is bound to ask, what about corruption at the grassroots? Why pitch on politicians alone? Why not clean your own fingers before pointing at others’ spots?
What about people pulling strings or paying money to avoid a traffic ticket; to square the police in a hit-and-run; to get their child admitted into schools, colleges and professional institutes; to avoid a municipality challan for littering or for mosquito-infested water around the house; to get a ration card, a PAN card, a passport or a driving licence? What about the tacit consent, and even encouragement to corruption implicit in the high level of matrimonial eligibility of those who have a good proportion of unaccounted income, be it a tax-evading entrepreneur or a bribe-taking government employee?
What about milkmen diluting milk; vegetable vendors tipping the scales or palming off bad produce; shopkeepers short-changing the public and maintaining false bills; government employees presenting false tickets and bills to claim LTC and other payments that are realizable on actuals, misappropriating perks like transportation and various cash allowances for personal use; media persons accepting ‘gifts’ from industrialists and other vested interests in lieu of favourable stories that gloss over unpleasant facts? Let he who has never sinned cast the first stone!
Corruption at the micro and macro levels
The answer is yes, there has always been corruption—in our very fibre. It is not right or justified by any means. As the older generation says, ‘It’s always been there like a pinch of salt in the dough ... a sort of leaven.’ And yes, we need to address it, primarily through self discipline, and a determination not to give in to convenience and take the easy way out by greasing the wheels of government machinery. The laws that can bring this about are in place, but it needs the will of the people to make sure that they are enforced. It can be done, and is, indeed, being done by determined individuals who make it their priority. However, the fact remains, that even though it is regrettable and needs to be redressed, it is, nevertheless, corruption at a ‘personal’ or ‘micro’ level, each instance of which affects a handful of people. Micro level corruption very much exists, and is not right, but it is limited in its scope.
For the past few decades, however, the citizens of the country have been facing a steadily increasing level of ‘institutionalized’ or ‘macro level’ corruption that originates in high places. And this form of corruption is anything but limited in its scope.
The kickbacks in national and international deals, the misappropriation of public funds for various schemes, the blatant disregard for the law of the land exhibited by those holding positions of public trust and their families— it all happens on a mammoth scale and diverts public money from public spending to the secret accounts of a select few: Money that should have been used for the welfare of the citizens. Money that should have boosted subsidies to regulate the astronomical rise of fuel and food prices in the wake of the global economic downturn. Money that might have regulated the out-of-control spiral of inflation that is sucking the common man in like a cyclone.
The whiplash of inflation
With the misappropriation of money meant for public spending, the government is forced to resort to highly inflationary neo-liberal economic policies, which render the day-to-day lives of the populace hideous. The ‘people’s representatives’, with their cars running on fuel funded by the government (read taxpayers’ money), their canteens scandalously subsidized and their every wish for luxuries fulfilled by lobbying sycophants, remain insulated from the lash of inflation. Plus, of course, they have their loot in their secret foreign accounts to fall back upon: money that, as recent events have shown us, no one can make them disgorge, even if they are prosecuted and have to spend some time in discomfort. The ‘representatives of the people’ avail regular foreign junkets while the common man, intimidated by the expense, cuts down on the quantity of vegetables and fruits his family consumes and even the middle class debates how to avoid attending a dear cousin’s wedding.
With the common man writhing under the whiplash of inflation, which is, to a large extent, a direct outcome of this increasing ‘macro-level corruption’, the gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have-nots’ has been widening rapidly. The crime rate has burgeoned as frustration, born out of highly divergent standards of living, brings out the worst in those existing on the fringes of society. And the people of India, so far acquiescent, have been forced against the ropes, as they feel totally stripped by their ‘elected representatives’ of all financial, physical and moral security.
And so, when an Anna Hazare, with his track record of successful social activism (water harvesting and anti-liquor drive in his own village, RTI activism at the national level, etc.) comes along and suggests a ‘Jan Lokpal’ as a panacea for corruption in high places, the people are bound to follow—not for the Lokpal, but against ‘macro-level’ corruption, because they have reached a pitch where they have very little to lose. His agitation has the right mix of populism, media savvy and a Gandhian reference to find a connect with the people.
One needs to read one’s history and remember that Queen Marie Antionette’s reported remark ‘let them eat cakes if they have no bread’ was the igniting spark for the French Revolution!
4 comments:
Great Great Great and Great !! No words for you Mam :) I wish to write something like that sometime :) and I wish to be like you frankly speaking :)
What you've written is no doubt factual, as well as very well expressed in terms of relating the recent turn of events to their actual root causes. Yet, it is striking enough that you haven't, by anything you've written here, taken any emphatic stand yourself on the issue of the ongoing movement. And that may well be a conscious intention of yours too, so surely no complaints about it. But please let me, if only for the
sake of argument, try to take a critical view of the current situation vis-a-vis your article.
There can indeed be no doubt that any major/established process usually feeds/nurtures itself from two ends for sustenance - namely, above & below - & so too with corruption. Therefore, your categorization of the problem of corruption in society as 'personal' & 'institutionalized', i.e., relating to the 'micro' & 'macro' levels is absolutely justified. You've also quite clearly illustrated the effect that the common man faces in his daily life due to the 'macroscopic' level of corruption, as well as how this very fact might instigate more criminal activity, esp.of the financial kind in this case, at the 'microscopic' level.
The point that needs to be derived from here is that not only does such a system feed on grub from both its ends (viz, above & below) but also that each of its ends also feeds, & is fed by the other, in tandem. In simpler words, the 'macroscopic' level of corruption instigates & empowers those indulging in it at the 'microscopic' level, & vice-versa.
Having made this observation, it only becomes imperative to gnaw at the practice of the problem, in this case - corruption, from either end to at least start reducing their support structure (or its effects) from the other end. This should at least give us a start, vis-a-vis a soulless stalemate to the situation, from where the next step of attacking the problem at the other end can take place & so on, a la the famous story of the cat eating away the cake of the two quarelling monkeys! Only, in this case the cake wouldn't completely be finished off by the cat, for the monkeys here are too smart for that. But some portion of it can still be taken away from them, if you can see the point.
(http://www.english-for-students.com/The-Judge-Monkey.html
The story here replaces the 'cat' & the 'monkey' with each other compared to the version I had heard, so please make the appropriate adjustments/replacements.)
(contd...)
(contd...)
Now coming to the issue of the effectiveness of the method adopted, we may first look at how problems of this nature can be generally addressed : there can either be a top-down approach, or a bottoms-up approach. Usually, it is the bottoms-up approach which is quite effective & therefore, preferred, for it mainly requires a will to improve, from where the rest of the process follows, obviously with a certain level of struggle attached to it, no doubt. But to think of such a collective will or positive intent at the grass-roots of such a wide-bottomed pyramidical structure of the administrative heirarchy! Huh, that's a stretch to the fabric of imagination, much more than the mind can take! At best, it can only be supposed to be possible for some conscientious individuals or a small group of such like-minded people, but those would only be local 'aberrations' & would not spread to the entire system, en masse. After all, how much can one expect from a system that weighs so heavy on its constituents, who in turn are also, 'Oh, so gladly,' conditioned to have their minds covered by the 'dreary desert sand of dead habit' (http://www.panhala.net/Archive/Let_my_country_awake.html)?
Indeed, this also implies my point of view that corruption is first & foremost instigated by its perpetrators than its victims & more promoted/allowed to happen by the bribe-taker than the bribe-giver - speaking from a more usual scenario. And that is why, doubting the relevance of the current movement following a top-down approach, is certainly not called for as the fear of more accountability & a stricter law of checks & balances that an effective Lokpal would instill is perhaps now the only remaining mechanism that might dissuade an officer or a bureaucrat from seeking favours for doing routine tasks for commoners, as well as 'exceptional' ones for the 'special' (read, favouring) clients. It is this check, we are hoping, that an overbearing law will enforce wherefrom the process can be taken forward gradually. It is only then, & then only, that the practice of stopping the culture of offering bribes will be increasingly effective from a schematic point of view of the system, for which mechanisms may be put in place, simultaneously too, but those will essentially involve more of cultural & psychological methods, rather than legal ones.
Moreover, your argument of 'Let he who has never sinned cast the first stone!', isn't, I'm afraid, the most appropriate model here! Such a model can perhaps hold justifiably for individuals, not though for social orders or structures. In life, even more so in social systems, there's never really a case of black or white. Therefore, in order to move forward, moral authority usually rests with the ones who have more right, or lesser wrong, in their favour. Justice & social order must run both from top to bottom as well as bottom to top. And any method, or process, that achieves this objective, arising/initiated from any end as it may be, is justified & should be acceptable.
(contd...)
(contd...)
Therefore, the notion that the current movement aimed to enact an effective law to curb systematic corruption in our organizations has misplaced priorities from a practical perspective is one that is mistaken, or worse still, mis-propagated by those anticipating to be directly, & adversely, affected by it. And even if the proposed law & its suggested systems aren't perfect (nothing is!), it still should be a good start, a much needed one. And, as for the fears of the new body also becoming corrupt goes, let's hope that the heart that functions in it is the same conscientious & proud Heart that invented it. Let's just give it a fair chance & try and put our best foot forward, standing by each other, shoulder to shoulder as proud citizens of our great country - our nation, our pride - our INDIA!
(Footnote: This piece was meant more as an academic exercise for myself, in writing, which is an extremely rare task for me nowadays. I have no passions involved for people on this side, or that, of the current happenings in our country. I though very proudly proclaim to be quite passionate FOR the movement initiated, & so ably, humbly, & moreover so excruciatingly led by Shri Anna Hazare ji, to whom my heart offers salutations of the highest order as well as my head bows down with respect. I thank you, in my own small way, Shri Anna Hazare ji, for your selfless contribution to our nation, & for our future.
Jai Hind!)
(Any comments to this piece are welcome at bvirwani@gmail.com)
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